Crankshaft ndi gawo lofunikira la injini yamagalimoto. Ntchito yake ndikusintha mphamvu ya gasi kuchokera ku pistoni ndi ndodo yolumikizira kukhala torque, ndikusintha kusuntha kwa pistoni kukhala kozungulira, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa njira yotumizira magalimoto ndi zida za injini. Makina opangira mpweya ndi zida zina zothandizira. Kunena mosapita m'mbali, ndi gawo lamphamvu lagalimoto.
Mphamvu ya crankshaft ndi yovuta kwambiri. Zimagwira ntchito mophatikizana ndikusintha mphamvu ya gasi nthawi ndi nthawi, mphamvu ya inertial ndi mphindi yake, ndipo imanyamula katundu wopindika komanso wopindika. Chifukwa chake, crankshaft imafunika kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira zotopa komanso zolimba motsutsana ndi kupindika ndi kugwedezeka; magaziniyo iyenera kukhala yokwanira yokwanira kunyamula pamwamba ndi kukana kuvala.
Crankshaft nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi 45, 40Cr, 35Mn2 ndi chitsulo china chapakati cha carbon ndi chitsulo chapakatikati cha carbon alloy popanga kufa. Pamwamba pa magaziniyi amapatsidwa chithandizo chafupipafupi chozimitsira kapena nitriding, ndipo pamapeto pake amamaliza. Kuti muchepetse kutopa kwa crankshaft ndikuchotsa kupsinjika, pamwamba pa magazini kuyenera kuwomberedwa, ndipo ngodya zozungulira ziyenera kuthandizidwa. Zindikirani kuti crankshaft ya nitrided iyenera kubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo popera, apo ayi crankshaft idzakhala pachiwopsezo chosweka.
Crankshaft kwenikweni imakhala ndi ma crank angapo. Pini yokhotakhota, mikono iwiri yakumanzere ndi yakumanja komanso magazini akulu awiri kumanzere ndi kumanja amapanga unit crank. Malo achibale kapena makonzedwe a ma cranks amadalira kuchuluka kwa masilindala, makonzedwe a masilindala ndi mayendedwe a injini.
Kuthyoka kwa crankshaft nthawi zambiri kumayambira ku mng'alu wawung'ono kwambiri, ndipo ming'alu yambiri imachitika pamalo olumikizirana ndi mkono wa crank pa fillet ya ndodo yolumikizira ya silinda yamutu kapena silinda yomaliza. Pogwira ntchito, mng'aluwo umakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo mwadzidzidzi umasweka ukafika pamlingo wina. Mbali ya bulauni nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamtunda wosweka, womwe mwachiwonekere ndi mng'alu wakale, ndipo minofu yonyezimira ndi yonyezimira ndiyo njira yomwe inayamba kusweka mwadzidzidzi pambuyo pake. Lero, mkonzi akugawana nanu chifukwa chiyani crankshaft yosweka?
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa crankshaft kwa injini
1. Makona ozungulira kumapeto onse a crankshaft magazine ndi ochepa kwambiri
Pamene akupera crankshaft, chopukusira analephera kulamulira bwino fillet axial wa crankshaft. Kuphatikiza pa kusanja kwapamwamba, ma radius a fillet anali ochepa kwambiri, kotero kuti kupanikizika kwakukulu kunapangidwa pa fillet pamene crankshaft ikugwira ntchito, ndipo crankshaft inafupikitsidwa. kutopa moyo.
2. Mzere wa magazini yayikulu ya crankshaft watsitsidwa, ndipo nsonga ya magazini yayikulu ya crankshaft imachotsedwa, zomwe zimawononga mphamvu yagulu la crankshaft. Injini ya dizilo ikathamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yamphamvu ya inertial imapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa crankshaft kusweka.
3. Kuyerekeza kozizira kwambiri kwa crankshaft Pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, makamaka pambuyo pa ngozi yakuwotcha matailosi kapena kupondereza silinda, crankshaft idzakhala ndi kupindika kwakukulu, ndipo iyenera kuchotsedwa kuti ikonzedwe kuzizira. Chifukwa cha kupindika kwa pulasitiki kwachitsulo mkati mwa crankshaft pakuwongolera, kupsinjika kwakukulu kumapangidwa, motero kumachepetsa mphamvu ya crankshaft. Ngati mpikisano wozizira uli waukulu kwambiri, crankshaft ikhoza kuonongeka kapena kusweka, ndipo crankshaft idzasweka atangoikidwa.
4. The flywheel ndi yotayirira
Ngati bawuti ya flywheel itayika, msonkhano wa crankshaft udzataya mphamvu yake yoyamba, ndipo injini ya dizilo idzagwedezeka ikatha kuthamanga, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo imapanga mphamvu yaikulu ya inertial, zomwe zimapangitsa kutopa kwa crankshaft ndi kusweka mosavuta kumapeto kumbuyo.
5. Kuipa kwa crankshaft yokha
Kugula ma crankshaft sikuyenera kukhala kwadyera kutsika mtengo, ndipo kuyenera kugulidwa kuchokera kumayendedwe okhazikika. Iyeneranso kufufuzidwa mosamala musanayike, ndipo ngati pali vuto, iyenera kusinthidwa kapena kubwezeretsedwa panthawi yake. Kuonjezera apo, injini ikawongoleredwa, crankshaft iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi maginito olakwika kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi mafuta. Ngati pali ming'alu ya radial kapena axial yomwe imafikira pamapewa pamapewa pamwamba pa magazini, crankshaft singagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
6. Chitsamba chachikulu ndi chosiyana ndi shaft
Pamene crankshaft imasonkhanitsidwa, ngati mizere yapakati ya tchire zazikulu pazitsulo za silinda siili pamtunda womwewo, ngozi yowotcha tchire ndi kugwira ma axles idzachitika mosavuta injini ya dizilo itagwira ntchito, ndipo crankshaft idzasweka pansi pa mphamvu yamphamvu ya kupsinjika maganizo.
7. Chilolezo cha msonkhano wa crankshaft ndi chachikulu kwambiri
Ngati chilolezo pakati pa crankshaft magazine ndi chitsamba chobereka ndi chachikulu kwambiri, crankshaft imakhudza chitsamba injini ya dizilo ikatha, koma alloy imagwa ndipo chitsamba chimatenthedwa kuti chigwire shaft, ndipo crankshaft imawonongekanso mosavuta.
8. Nthawi yoperekera mafuta ndiyoyambika kwambiri kapena kuchuluka kwa mafuta pa silinda iliyonse sikufanana
Ngati pampu yojambulira mafuta ipereka mafuta mwachangu kwambiri, pisitoni imayaka isanafike pamalo okwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa injini ya dizilo kugogoda, ndipo crankshaft imakhudzidwa ndikusinthana kupsinjika. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa pa silinda iliyonse sikuli yunifolomu, magazini a crankshaft adzakhala opsinjika mosagwirizana chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa milandu ya kuphulika kwa silinda iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kutopa msanga ndi ming'alu.
9. Kusapaka mafuta a crankshaft
Ngati pampu yamafuta yavala kwambiri, njira yamafuta opaka mafuta ndi yakuda ndipo kuyendayenda sikoyenda bwino, mafutawo amakhala osakwanira ndipo kuthamanga kwamafuta kumatsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kupanga filimu yamafuta opaka mafuta pakati pa crankshaft ndi chitsamba chonyamula, zomwe zimapangitsa kukangana kowuma ndikupangitsa chitsamba choyaka kuti chigwire tsinde. , crankshaft yosweka ndi ngozi zina zazikulu.
10. Crankshaft yathyoka pambuyo pa opaleshoni
Ngati accelerator ndi yayikulu kwambiri kapena yaying'ono kwambiri, kuthamanga pafupipafupi kapena kulemedwa kwanthawi yayitali, crankshaft imawonongeka ndi torque yayikulu kapena kugwedezeka. Kuonjezera apo, pamene ngozi monga kuthamanga, ramming ndi top valve zimachitika mu injini ya dizilo, crankshaft imakhalanso yowonongeka.
Kuzindikira Zolakwa ndi Kuchotsedwa kwa Engine Crankshaft Fracture
Pofuna kupewa crankshaft kusweka, njira zotsatirazi zitha kuchitidwa pakukonza:
Choyamba, musanayambe kukonza crankshaft, fufuzani mosamala ngati crankshaft ili ndi ming'alu, samalani kwambiri ndi gawo la kusintha kwa fillet, ngati pali ming'alu, shaft iyenera kuchotsedwa. Mukamapukuta magazini, nyuzipepala ndi mkono wokhotakhota uyenera kukhala ndi fillet yozungulira. Kukula kwa fillet sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa mwachisawawa. Samalani kumapeto kwa fillet, apo ayi zingayambitse kupsinjika ndikupangitsa crankshaft kusweka.
Kachiwiri, pamene kukula kwa magazini kupitirira malire, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zochepa pa mphamvu ya kutopa ya magazini kuti ibwezeretse. Kulimba kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kenako, chilolezo chofananira ndi chilolezo chakumapeto kwa magazini iliyonse ndi kunyamula ziyenera kukhala molingana ndi muyezo. Ngati chilolezocho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, crankshaft ikhoza kuwonongeka mosavuta chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa. Ngati chilolezocho chiri chochepa kwambiri, crankshaft ikhoza kusweka chifukwa cha shaft. Pankhani ya kusonkhana, nthawi yoyatsira imayenera kuyesedwa molondola, osati mofulumira kwambiri kapena kumbuyo kwambiri, ndipo tcherani khutu kumlingo wa crankshaft, flywheel ndi clutch.
Chodzikanira: Nkhaniyi idapangidwanso pa intaneti, ndipo kukopera ndi kwa wolemba woyamba. Ngati makanema, zithunzi, ndi zolemba zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nkhaniyi zikukhudzana ndi kukopera, chonde tidziwitseni posachedwa. Tidzatsimikizira kukopera molingana ndi zida zotsimikizira zomwe mumapereka ndikulipira malipiro a wolemba molingana ndi miyezo ya dziko kapena kuchotsa zomwe zilimo nthawi yomweyo! Zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ndi malingaliro a wolemba woyambirira, ndipo sizikutanthauza kuti akaunti yovomerezekayi ikugwirizana ndi maganizo ake ndipo ili ndi udindo wowona.
