I-crankshaft yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-injini yemoto. Umsebenzi wayo kukuguqula amandla egesi ukusuka kwi-piston kunye nentonga yokudibanisa ibe yi-torque, kwaye uguqule intshukumo yomgca wepiston ibe yintshukumo ejikelezayo, esetyenziselwa ukuqhuba inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwemoto kunye namacandelo enjini. Indlela yomoya kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo. Ukuyibeka ngokuthe ngqo, licandelo lemveliso yamandla emoto.
Amandla ecrankshaft anzima kakhulu. Isebenza phantsi kwesenzo esidityanisiweyo sokutshintsha amaxesha ngamaxesha amandla egesi, amandla angasebenziyo kunye nomzuzu wawo, kwaye ithwala imithwalo eguqukayo yokugoba kunye ne-torsion. Ke ngoko, i-crankshaft iyadingeka ukuba ibe namandla okwaneleyo okudinwa kunye nokuqina ngokuchasene nokugoba kunye nokudumba; Ijenali kufuneka ibe nomphezulu owaneleyo wokuthwala kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
I-crankshaft ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-45, 40Cr, 35Mn2 kunye nenye insimbi ye-carbon carbon kunye ne-medium carbon alloy steel nge-die forging. Umphezulu wejenali uphantsi kokucima rhoqo okanye unyango lwe-nitriding, kwaye ekugqibeleni lugqityiwe. Ukuze kuphuculwe amandla okudinwa kwe-crankshaft kunye nokuphelisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo, umphezulu wejenali kufuneka udutyulwe, kwaye iikona ezijikelezileyo kufuneka ziphantsi konyango lokuqengqeleka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-nitrided crankshaft kufuneka ihlaziywe kwakhona emva kokusila, kungenjalo i-crankshaft iya kuba sengozini yokuphuka.
I-crankshaft iqulathe iiyunithi ezininzi zeekranki. Iphini lokukranxa, iingalo ezimbini ezisekhohlo nasekunene kunye nejenali ezimbini eziphambili zasekhohlo nasekunene zenza iyunithi crank. Indawo ehambelanayo okanye ukulungelelaniswa kweekranki kuxhomekeke kwinani leesilinda, ukulungiswa kweesilinda kunye nokulandelelana komsebenzi we-injini.
Ukuqhekeka kwe-crankshaft ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala kwi-crankshaft encinci, kwaye uninzi lweentanda zenzeke kwindawo yokudibanisa kunye nengalo ye-crank kwi-fillet yejenali yokudibanisa intonga ye-cylinder yentloko okanye i-cylinder ekupheleni. Ngexesha lokusebenza, i-crack iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ngokukhawuleza iphuka xa ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile. Inxalenye emdaka idla ngokufumaneka kwindawo eyaphukileyo, ekucacayo ukuba yintanda endala, kwaye izicubu ezibengezelayo nezibengezelayo zingumkhondo ophuhliswe kukuqhekeka ngequbuliso kamva. Namhlanje, umhleli uya kukwabelana nawe ukuba yintoni isizathu se-crankshaft eyaphukileyo?
Ukuqhekeka kwe-injini ye-crankshaft kubangela
1. Iikona ezingqukuva kuzo zombini iziphelo zejenali yecrankshaft zincinci kakhulu
Xa kusila i-crankshaft, igrinder ayiphumelelanga ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-axial fillet yecrankshaft. Ukongeza kwi-rough surface processing, iradius yefillet yayincinci kakhulu, ngoko ke uxinzelelo olukhulu lwenziwa kwifillet xa i-crankshaft yayisebenza, kwaye i-crankshaft yacuthwa. ubomi bokudinwa.
2. I-axis yejenali engundoqo ye-crankshaft i-offset, kwaye i-axis yejenali eyintloko ye-crankshaft i-offset, etshabalalisa ibhalansi eguqukayo ye-asembly ye-crankshaft. Xa i-injini ye-diesel isebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, i-inertial force eyomeleleyo iyaveliswa, ebangela ukuba i-crankshaft iphuke.
3. Ukuthelekisa okubandayo okugqithisileyo kwe-crankshaft Emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, ngakumbi emva kwengozi yokutshisa i-tile okanye ukubethelwa kwe-cylinder, i-crankshaft iya kuba ne-goba enkulu, kwaye kufuneka isuswe ngenxa yokulungiswa okubandayo. Ngenxa yokuguqulwa kweplastiki yentsimbi ngaphakathi kwe-crankshaft ngexesha lokulinganisa, uxinzelelo olukhulu olongezelelweyo luya kuveliswa, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa amandla e-crankshaft. Ukuba ukhuphiswano olubandayo lukhulu kakhulu, i-crankshaft inokonakala okanye iqhekeke, kwaye i-crankshaft iya kuphuka ngokukhawuleza emva kokufakwa.
4. I-flywheel ikhululekile
Ukuba i-flywheel bolt ikhululekile, i-asembly ye-crankshaft iya kuphulukana ne-balance yayo yokuqala, kwaye injini ye-diesel iya kungcangcazela emva kokubaleka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelise amandla amakhulu e-inertial, okubangela ukudinwa kwe-crankshaft kunye nokuphuka lula ekupheleni kwesiphelo.
5. Umgangatho ophantsi we-crankshaft ngokwayo
Ukuthenga ii-crankshafts akufuneki kunyolukele ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye kufuneka kuthengwe kumajelo aqhelekileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona ihlolwe ngononophelo phambi kofakelo, kwaye ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki, kufuneka itshintshwe okanye ibuyiswe ngexesha. Ukongeza, xa i-injini ihlaziywe, i-crankshaft kufuneka ifakwe kwi-magnetic flaw ukubonwa okanye ukuhlolwa kwe-oyile ye-percussion. Ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka kwe-radial okanye i-axial efikelela kwi-fillet yegxalaba kumphezulu wejenali, i-crankshaft ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe.
6. Ihlathi eliphambili lihluke kwi-shaft
Xa i-crankshaft idityanisiwe, ukuba imigca esembindini yeetyholo eziphambili kwibhloko yesilinda ayikho kwi-axis enye, ingozi yokutshisa ihlathi kunye nokubamba i-axles iya kwenzeka ngokulula emva kokuba injini ye-diesel isebenza, kwaye i-crankshaft iya kuphuka phantsi kwesenzo esinamandla sokutshintshana koxinzelelo.
7. Ukukhutshwa kwendibano ye-crankshaft kukhulu kakhulu
Ukuba ukucocwa phakathi kwejenali yecrankshaft kunye netyholo elithwalayo kukhulu kakhulu, i-crankshaft iyakuchaphazela i-bearing bush emva kokuba injini yedizili ibaleka, kodwa ialloy iyawa kwaye ityholo litshiswe ukuze libambe ishaft, kwaye i-crankshaft nayo yonakale lula.
8. Ixesha lokubonelela ngeoyile lingaphambili kakhulu okanye umthamo weoli we-cylinder nganye awulingani
Ukuba ipompo yokutofa kwepetroli inikezela ngamafutha kwangethuba, ipiston iya kutshisa phambi kokuba ifike kwindawo ephezulu efileyo, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba injini yedizili inkqonkqoze, kwaye i-crankshaft iya kuchaphazeleka kukutshintshana koxinzelelo. Ukuba isixa seoli esinikwe kwi-cylinder nganye asifani, iijenali ze-crankshaft ziya kugxininiswa ngokungalinganiyo ngenxa yokungahambelani kweemeko zokuqhuma kwe-cylinder nganye, okubangela ukukhathala kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuqhekeka.
9. Ukuthanjiswa kakubi kwe-crankshaft
Ukuba ipompo yeoli igugile kakhulu, umjelo we-oyile yokuthambisa ungcolile kwaye ukujikeleza akuhambanga kakuhle, ukunikezelwa kweoli kuya kukwanela kwaye uxinzelelo lweoyile luya kuhla, okubangela ukungaphumeleli ukwenza ifilimu ye-oyile yokuthambisa eqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-crankshaft kunye ne-bearing bush, okubangelwa ukungqubuzana okomileyo kunye nokubangela ukuba ihlathi elivuthayo libambe i-shaft. , i-crankshaft eyaphukileyo kunye nezinye iingozi ezinkulu.
10. I-crankshaft yophukile emva kokusebenza
Ukuba i-accelerator inkulu kakhulu okanye incinci kakhulu, i-braking rhoqo okanye umsebenzi ogqithisiweyo ixesha elide, i-crankshaft iya konakaliswa yi-torque egqithisileyo okanye umthwalo wokothuka. Ukongeza, xa iingozi ezifana nesantya, i-ramming kunye ne-valve ephezulu isenzeka kwi-injini ye-diesel, i-crankshaft iyakwazi ukuphuka.
Ukuxilongwa kweFault kunye nokususwa kwe-Engine Crankshaft Fracture
Ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwe-crankshaft, la manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa ngexesha lolondolozo:
Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba ulungise i-crankshaft, jonga ngokucophelela ukuba i-crankshaft ineengqungquthela, hlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwinxalenye yenguqu ye-fillet, ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka, i-shaft kufuneka ichithwe. Xa upholisha ijenali, ijenali kunye nengalo yecrank kufuneka igcine iradius ethile yefillet. Ubungakanani be-fillet akufanele buncitshiswe ngokukhawuleza. Naka ingqalelo ekugqityweni komphezulu we-fillet, kungenjalo kuya kubangela uxinzelelo kwaye kubangele ukuba i-crankshaft iphuke.
Okwesibini, xa ubukhulu bephephancwadi budlula umda, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa indlela enempembelelo encinci kumandla okukhathala kwejenali ukuyibuyisela. Ukuqina kuncitshiswe kakhulu.
Emva koko, ukukhutshwa okuhambelanayo kunye nokupheliswa kokuphela kwejenali nganye kunye nokuthwala kufuneka kuhambelane nomgangatho. Ukuba ucoceko lukhulu kakhulu, i-crankshaft inokonakala ngokulula ngenxa yempembelelo. Ukuba ukucocwa kuncinci kakhulu, i-crankshaft inokophuka ngenxa ye-shaft. Ngokumalunga nokudibanisa, ixesha lokucima kufuneka lilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo, kungekhona kwangethuba okanye umva kakhulu, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwibhalansi ye-crankshaft, i-flywheel kunye ne-clutch.
I-Disclaimer: Eli nqaku liveliswe kwi-intanethi, kwaye i-copyright yeyombhali wokuqala. Ukuba iividiyo, imifanekiso, kunye neetekisi ezisetyenziswe kweli nqaku zibandakanya imiba yelungelo lokushicilela, nceda usazise ngokukhawuleza. Siya kuqinisekisa i-copyright ngokwezixhobo zobungqina ozinikezelayo kwaye sihlawule umvuzo wombhali ngokwemigangatho yelizwe okanye ucime umxholo ngokukhawuleza! Umxholo weli nqaku ngumbono wombhali wokuqala, kwaye akuthethi ukuba le akhawunti esemthethweni iyavumelana noluvo lwayo kwaye inoxanduva lokunyaniseka kwayo.
