Injini yedizili
Iinjini zedizili zineengenelo ezininzi, ezinje ngomlinganiselo woxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukusebenza okunamandla okuchasa ukunkqonkqoza, ukutsha okugcweleyo, oko kuphucula uqoqosho lwamafutha; akukho mfuneko yesakhiwo senkqubo yokutshisa ilula, uzinzo lwe-injini lungcono, iindleko zokulondoloza ziphantsi; imveliso yetorque ephantsi yomelele kakhulu, kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiilori ezinzima kunye neenqanawa.
Ezi zinto ekugqibeleni zakhokelela ekwehleni kancinci kweenjini zedizili kwindawo yeemoto zabahambi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ubutofotofo bezithuthi, ii-OEM ezininzi kwafuneka ziyeke ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zedizili.
Kwaye ingxolo kunye neengxaki zokungcangcazela kweenjini zedizili xa zisebenza nazo ziyabonakala kakhulu.
Ezi zinto ekugqibeleni zakhokelela ekwehleni kancinci kweenjini zedizili kwindawo yeemoto zabahambi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ubutofotofo bezithuthi, ii-OEM ezininzi kwafuneka ziyeke ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zedizili.
GW4G15 1004016-EG01
Nangona kunjalo, iVolkswagen Group ayibonakali izimisele ukuncama kwaye ibisoloko igcina umdla wokusetyenziswa kweenjini zedizili kwiimoto zabakhweli.
Injini yokuqala ye-TDI
Ngo-1989, isizukulwana sesithathu senqwelo yesikhululo i-Audi 100 exhotyiswe nge-2.5L inline 5-cylinder TDI injini yenza umboniso wayo wokuqala kwiFrankfurt Motor Show. Inamandla amakhulu angama-120 kunye ne-torque ephezulu ye-265Nm. Le yinjini yokuqala ye-TDI eyasungulwa ngabakwa-Audi kunye nesicelo sokuqala kwihlabathi sokutshaja kunye neteknoloji yokutofa ngokuthe ngqo kwinjini yedizili yemoto yabahambi.
Isizukulwana sokuqala se-TDI injini sisebenzisa iteknoloji yembhobho elawulwa ngoomatshini. Le nkqubo yokutofa kwepetroli ixhotyiswe ngombhobho wempompo yepiston eqhutywa yicamshaft kwicylinder nganye. Uxinzelelo lwenaliti kunye nokuchaneka kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokujikeleza kwecamshaft. Okungalunganga kukuba ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela kukhulu.
Iteknoloji ye-TDI yesizukulwana sesibini
Ngo-2004, i-Audi yasungula imodeli yayo yokuqala ye-diesel injini, i-Audi A6, kwimarike yaseTshayina. Le njini ye-2.5L TDI iye yanconywa kakhulu ngabathengi basekhaya ngokusebenza kwayo kakuhle ekusebenziseni amafutha kunye nozinzo olubalaseleyo.
Isizukulwana sesibini senjini ye-Audi TDI isebenzisa iteknoloji yesitofu esiqhelekileyo sikaloliwe. Xa kuthelekiswa nobuchwephesha bombhobho wempompo, itekhnoloji yesibaso sikaloliwe esixhaphakileyo sisitofu esilawulwa yikhompyutha.
Emva kokuba i-fuel ingene kumzila we-fuel ukusuka kwipompo ye-elektroniki, isasazwa kwi-cylinder nganye. Xa kuthelekiswa nesizukulwana sangaphambili se-camshaft-driven injector design, ayiphumeleli kuphela ukuchaneka okungcono kwenaliti kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo, okwenza i-TDI ibe namandla ngakumbi kwaye isebenzise amafutha aphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa, kodwa iphucula kakhulu ingxaki yengxolo ye-injini ye-diesel.
Isizukulwana sesibini seenjini ze-Audi TDI zinenqanaba lengxolo ebalekayo kufutshane naleyo yeenjini zepetroli. Ukuze ikwazi ukukhuthaza imifuziselo yayo ye-TDI ngamandla, i-Audi yafakela injini ye-V12 TDI kwimoto yomdyarho i-R10 ngo-2006, nenamandla amakhulu ehashe angama-650 kunye netorque eyi-1,200 Nm.
Iphumelele into engazange ibonwe kwiintshatsheli ezintathu ezilandelelanayo kwiiyure ezingama-24 zeLe Mans kwaye yaphula iirekhodi ezininzi zembali.
Eyona nto yothusayo yinjini yedizili eyi-2.5L kwi-Audi 100, ekwazi ukuhamba umgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-4,800 kwitanki yamafutha, ibeka irekhodi lokusebenzisa i-petroli kwihlabathi le-1.76L kwi-100 yeekhilomitha.
Iteknoloji ye-TDI yesizukulwana sesithathu
Ngo-2008, i-Audi yaphehlelela ngokusesikweni injini ye-3.0 TDI, emele ukuqalwa kweteknoloji yesithathu ye-TDI.
Ngokusekelwe kwi-injini ye-TDI yesizukulwana sesibini, i-sensor ye-pressure yegumbi lokutsha kunye ne-ultra-low emission system yongezwa, kwaye i-gas ephumayo iphathwa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation converter, i-particulate trap, kunye ne-nitrogen oxide catalytic converter.
Isombulule ezona ngxaki zinzima zobugcisa zeenjini zedizili kwaye yadibana nemigaqo ye-European VI ekhutshwayo ecwangciselwe ukuphunyezwa ngo-2014 kwiminyaka emithandathu ngaphambi kweshedyuli. Yaziwa njengeyona injini yedizili ecocekileyo emhlabeni.
Ukongeza, kwitekhnoloji ye-TDI ye-Audi, ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-turbocharging nako kubalulekile. Ii-supercharger eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zisebenze ngesantya esiphezulu, kodwa isantya seenjini zedizili sisezantsi kakhulu, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kubunzima obungakumbi be-turbo lag.
Ukuze ukusombulula le ngxaki, Audi isebenzisa VTG variable geometry turbocharger. Amacwecwe angakwazi ukulungelelanisa i-engile yejometri phantsi kolawulo lokutshintsha kombane ukutshintsha ubungakanani becandelo elithwala amandla, ukuze i-turbocharger ingenelele ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nesezantsi, ukwandisa uxinzelelo lokungena, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ikhulise imveliso yamandla e-injini.
Ukuququmbela
Nangona isiganeko "sesango le-diesel" sakhe sazisa ihlazo kubuchwepheshe be-TDI yakwaVolkswagen, kufuneka sivume ukuba iVolkswagen ngokuqinisekileyo yeyona nto inobuchule kwaye isebenzayo kwi-automaker ngokwamandla kunye nomdla wokunyusa iinjini zedizili.
(Umfanekiso uvela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ukuze ulucime.)
