Ngexesha leemoto zombane, ngaba ngokwenene asifuni iinjini?
Impendulo nguhayi. Ngo-2023, i-13.03 yezigidi zeenqwelo zamandla ezitsha zathengiswa kwihlabathi jikelele, apho i-3.91 yezigidi yayiyi-PHEVs kunye ne-REEVs ezineenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, kwaye i-9.12 yezigidi yayizizithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo.
Ngokombono wesabelo sehlabathi, umlinganiselo weenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kummandla wokufakelwa kombane ufikelele malunga ne-30%. Kwimalike yasekhaya, izinga lokukhula kwecandelo le-PHEV kunye ne-REEV licace gca, kwaye ngoku lidlule izinga lokukhula kwamacandelo e-EV.
Ngoko ndathi iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ziseyindawo ebalulekileyo yenkxaso kwixesha lezithuthi zombane.
Enye kukuba izithuthi zamandla amatsha aneenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi azinaxhala, kwaye uluhlu lwazo kunye nokuzaliswa kwamandla zifana nezo zezithuthi zepetroli, kwaye ukhuseleko lwazo lungcono kunolo lweenqwelo zombane ezicocekileyo ezixhotywe ngeepakethi ezinkulu zebhetri. Enye into yokuba itekhnoloji yeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ikhule kakhulu kwaye iindleko ziphantsi kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa neenqwelo zombane ezicocekileyo ezixhotyiswe ngeepakethi ezinkulu zebhetri, ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu.
Kwindlela yokufakelwa kombane, iimveliso ezinikezelwe ngababoneleli ziye zasombulula iingxaki zobugcisa beenkampani ezininzi. Ngamanye amazwi, amandla emveliso yeemodeli ezininzi zombane ezicocekileyo azinakuvula isithuba esithe ngqo, ngakumbi kuyilo lwePHEV. Inqaku eliphambili lokuvula i-gap yemveliso yinjini yokutshisa yangaphakathi.
Iinjini ezibalaseleyo zokutsha zangaphakathi zinokubonelela ngale nkxaso ibalulekileyo ilandelayo kwiinkampani:
1. Ilizwe elingcono lokusebenza xa ukondla amandla. Ukuba iteknoloji ye-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ayilungile ngokwaneleyo, isithuthi sonke asiyi kuba nentsebenzo kunye ne-NVH phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zombini ukuqhuba isithuthi kunye nokuvelisa umbane.
2. Phantsi koyilo lwe-REEV, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha enjini yokutsha engcono yangaphakathi ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuba sezantsi kuba ukusebenza kokuveliswa kwamandla kuphezulu.
3. Ukuzinza okungcono kunye nokuzinza. Iinkampani ezininzi azikuhoyi ukubaluleka kweenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, okukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinjengokungcangcazela kunye nengxolo enkulu xa isithuthi sisebenza, kwaye iinkcukacha aziphathwa kakuhle.
Ngamanye amazwi, zonke izithuthi zamandla amatsha aneenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, ukuba zifuna ukuphucula iinkcukacha, ekugqibeleni ziya kufuna iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ezibalaseleyo ukubonelela ngenkxaso.
AbakwaToyota bathi abanakuluyeka uphando kunye nophuhliso lweenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, nto leyo eyagxekwa ngabasebenzisi abaninzi be-intanethi, bekholelwa ukuba iToyota ibuyisela umva imbali, kodwa akunjalo. Ngokusisiseko, zonke iinkampani zasekhaya azikhange zincame uphando kunye nophuhliso lweenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi.
I-Great Wall's 3.0T kunye ne-Chery's 2.0T zombini zimveliso eziqhelekileyo ezigqwesileyo. Iinkampani ezigxile kwii-plug-in hybrids ziye zavelisa i-1.5L kunye ne-1.5T yeenjini ze-plug-in hybrid. Injongo kukugcina ukusebenza okusisiseko, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, kunye namava e-NVH yesithuthi ngelixa ukhonza umbane. Ezi ngongoma azilityalwanga, nto leyo isisitshixo esiphambili kukhuphiswano olugqwesileyo kwixa elizayo.
Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwemarike yemoto yabahambi ngokwenene kukufakelwa kombane, kodwa ubunzulu bokufakelwa kombane buqhutywa ngezigaba.
Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho inani elikhulu labasebenzisi abakhetha izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo, kodwa kuya kubakho neqela elikhulu elikhetha i-plug-in hybrid kunye ne-extension-range hybrid model. Indlela yobugcisa kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa ibandakanya kakhulu. Isiganeko sezithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo kuphela ziya kuzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezizayo kunye nokuhamba umgama omde. Izithuthi zamandla amatsha ezixhaswa ziinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ziya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha ngelixa uphucula amava.
Ngokukodwa, amava ecandelo lobukrelekrele anamandla kakhulu, ngoko ke injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi ayiyi kushiywa ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye iya kuqhubeka iphucula kwixesha elizayo, ngokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal, i-NVH engcono, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal kuzo zonke iimeko kuya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe.
Kanye njengokuba iinjineli zizame konke okusemandleni azo ukunciphisa i-coefficient yokutsalwa, rhoqo nge-1% yokwanda komgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi kuya kunceda kakhulu unyamezelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kwixesha langoku xa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal ye-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ingaphantsi kwe-35%, kusekho indawo eninzi yokuphucula.
Kwixesha elizayo, akukho ndawo ingako yokuphucula itekhnoloji yebhetri, itekhnoloji yemoto, kunye netekhnoloji ekhaphukhaphu. Ekugqibeleni, kusafuneka sibuyele kuyilo kunye nophuhliso lweenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi.
(Umfanekiso uvela kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ukuze ulucime.)
